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# LinuxCNC HAL Configuration for Vevor D100 VFD via mb2hal
This guide explains how to connect the HAL pins of LinuxCNC to the `mb2hal` component configured in [vfd_d100.ini](file:///home/bartool/local_projects/linuxcnc-modbus/vfd_d100.ini).
## 1. Required Components
To achieve correct speed scaling, rotation control, feedback conversion, and "at-speed" detection, we will load the following standard HAL components:
* **`scale`**: Used twice.
1. `spindle_speed_scale`: Converts commanded RPM (e.g., 24000 RPM) to Modbus frequency units (tenths of Hz, 400.0 Hz = 4000).
2. `spindle_feedback_scale`: Converts actual speed from RPM (from VFD metrics) to RPS (Revolutions Per Second) required by LinuxCNC.
* **`mux2`**: Used twice.
1. `spindle_dir_mux`: Selects between `2.0` (Forward) and `4.0` (Reverse).
2. `spindle_run_mux`: Selects between `8.0` (Stop) and the output of `spindle_dir_mux`.
* **`near`**: Compares commanded speed and actual speed to assert `spindle.0.at-speed`.
---
## 2. Speed Scaling Calculations
The VFD expects the given frequency in tenths of Hz (e.g., $400.0 \text{ Hz} = 4000$ in register `0201H`).
The motor has a maximum speed of $24000 \text{ RPM}$ at $400 \text{ Hz}$.
* **Commanded Speed Gain:**
$$Gain = \frac{4000 \text{ (Modbus Units)}}{24000 \text{ (RPM)}} = \frac{1}{6} \approx 0.16666667$$
* **Feedback Speed Gain (RPM to RPS):**
$$Gain = \frac{1}{60} \approx 0.01666667$$
---
## 3. HAL Configuration Snippet
Add the following lines to your main `.hal` file (e.g. `custom.hal` or `postgui.hal` depending on your setup):
```hal
# =====================================================================
# Vevor D100 VFD Modbus (mb2hal) Integration
# =====================================================================
# Load the mb2hal component
loadusr -W mb2hal config=vfd_d100.ini
# Load helper components
loadrt scale names=spindle_speed_scale,spindle_feedback_scale
loadrt mux2 names=spindle_dir_mux,spindle_run_mux
loadrt near names=spindle_at_speed_near
# Add helper components to the servo thread
addf spindle_speed_scale servo-thread
addf spindle_feedback_scale servo-thread
addf spindle_dir_mux servo-thread
addf spindle_run_mux servo-thread
addf spindle_at_speed_near servo-thread
# =====================================================================
# 1. Spindle Run & Direction Logic
# =====================================================================
# Direction Mux Input Values: 2.0 = Forward Run, 4.0 = Reverse Run
setp spindle_dir_mux.in0 2.0
setp spindle_dir_mux.in1 4.0
# Run Mux Input Values: 8.0 = Stop, in1 = value from direction mux
setp spindle_run_mux.in0 8.0
# Connect selection signals
net spindle-rev-sig spindle.0.reverse => spindle_dir_mux.sel
net spindle-dir-cmd spindle_dir_mux.out => spindle_run_mux.in1
net spindle-on-sig spindle.0.on => spindle_run_mux.sel
net spindle-run-cmd spindle_run_mux.out => vfd.control.00.float
# =====================================================================
# 2. Spindle Commanded Speed Scaling
# =====================================================================
# Gain = 4000 / 24000 = 0.16666667
setp spindle_speed_scale.gain 0.16666667
setp spindle_speed_scale.offset 0.0
# Connect signals
net spindle-speed-cmd spindle.0.speed-out-abs => spindle_speed_scale.in
net spindle-speed-scaled spindle_speed_scale.out => vfd.speed.00.float
# =====================================================================
# 3. Spindle Speed Feedback (RPM to RPS)
# =====================================================================
# Gain = 1 / 60 = 0.01666667 (converts RPM to RPS)
setp spindle_feedback_scale.gain 0.01666667
setp spindle_feedback_scale.offset 0.0
# Connect signals
net spindle-rpm-feedback vfd.metrics.rpm.float => spindle_feedback_scale.in
net spindle-rps-feedback spindle_feedback_scale.out => spindle.0.speed-in
# =====================================================================
# 4. Spindle "At Speed" Detection
# =====================================================================
# Configure allowable difference (e.g., within 5% or 300 RPM)
setp spindle_at_speed_near.difference 300.0
# We want the speed to be compared on the absolute commanded speed (RPM)
net spindle-speed-cmd => spindle_at_speed_near.in1
net spindle-rpm-feedback => spindle_at_speed_near.in2
net spindle-at-speed spindle_at_speed_near.out => spindle.0.at-speed
```
---
## 4. Troubleshooting & Tuning Tips
> [!TIP]
> **Modbus Communication Stability**
> If you experience CRC errors or timeouts when the spindle motor starts spinning, it is likely due to Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI).
> * Ensure your RS485 twisted-pair cable is shielded, and the shield is grounded **only at one end** (usually at the VFD or controller side, not both).
> * Add a $120\ \Omega$ termination resistor across the RX+/TX+ and RX-/TX- terminals at the VFD if it's at the end of the bus.
> * If the VFD takes too long to process requests, you can increase `SERIAL_DELAY_MS` in [vfd_d100.ini](file:///home/bartool/local_projects/linuxcnc-modbus/vfd_d100.ini) to `70` or `100`.

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# Configuration file for mb2hal to communicate with Vevor D100 VFD
# via Modbus RTU (RS485)
#
# Load component using:
# loadusr -W mb2hal config=vfd_d100.ini
[MB2HAL_INIT]
# Debug level: 0 = silent, 1 = errors, 2 = OK messages, 3 = debugging, 4 = max debug
INIT_DEBUG=3
# Set to 1.1 to enable float/int pin options and specific features
VERSION=1.1
# HAL module (component) name. Pins will be prefixed with this name.
HAL_MODULE_NAME=vfd
# Delay between transactions in seconds (use 0.0 for normal speed)
SLOWDOWN=0.0
# Number of transactions defined below
TOTAL_TRANSACTIONS=4
# =====================================================================
# TRANSACTION 00: Write Main Control Register (0200H / 512 dec)
# =====================================================================
[TRANSACTION_00]
LINK_TYPE=serial
SERIAL_PORT=/dev/ttyUSB0
SERIAL_BAUD=9600
SERIAL_BITS=8
SERIAL_PARITY=none
SERIAL_STOP=1
# Delay after transmission in ms (helps with VFD response processing and EMI)
SERIAL_DELAY_MS=50
MB_SLAVE_ID=1
MB_TX_CODE=fnct_06_write_single_register
FIRST_ELEMENT=512
NELEMENTS=1
HAL_TX_NAME=control
MAX_UPDATE_RATE=10.0
MB_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_MS=500
MB_BYTE_TIMEOUT_MS=500
DEBUG=1
# =====================================================================
# TRANSACTION 01: Write Given Frequency (0201H / 513 dec)
# =====================================================================
[TRANSACTION_01]
# Link settings (PORT, BAUD, etc.) are inherited from TRANSACTION_00
MB_TX_CODE=fnct_06_write_single_register
FIRST_ELEMENT=513
NELEMENTS=1
HAL_TX_NAME=speed
MAX_UPDATE_RATE=10.0
DEBUG=1
# =====================================================================
# TRANSACTION 02: Read Main Control Status (0210H / 528 dec)
# =====================================================================
[TRANSACTION_02]
MB_TX_CODE=fnct_03_read_holding_registers
FIRST_ELEMENT=528
NELEMENTS=1
HAL_TX_NAME=status
MAX_UPDATE_RATE=10.0
DEBUG=1
# =====================================================================
# TRANSACTION 03: Read Operating Parameters (0220H - 0223H / 544 - 547 dec)
# =====================================================================
[TRANSACTION_03]
MB_TX_CODE=fnct_03_read_holding_registers
FIRST_ELEMENT=544
# Receptors:
# 544 (0220H) = Output Frequency (Hz * 10)
# 545 (0221H) = Set Frequency (Hz * 10)
# 546 (0222H) = Output Current (A * 10)
# 547 (0223H) = Output Speed (RPM)
PIN_NAMES=freq_out,freq_set,current,rpm
HAL_TX_NAME=metrics
MAX_UPDATE_RATE=5.0
DEBUG=1

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# Samodzielny plik testowy dla mb2hal i falownika Vevor D100
# Uruchom w terminalu za pomoca:
# halrun -I -f vfd_test.hal
# 1. Tworzymy wirtualny watek czasu rzeczywistego (wymagane w halrun)
loadrt threads name1=servo-thread period1=1000000
# 2. Ladujemy mb2hal z nasza konfiguracja
loadusr -W mb2hal config=vfd_d100.ini
# 3. Ladujemy komponenty pomocnicze
loadrt scale names=spindle_speed_scale,spindle_feedback_scale
loadrt mux2 names=spindle_dir_mux,spindle_run_mux
loadrt near names=spindle_at_speed_near
# 4. Dodajemy funkcje do watku
addf spindle_speed_scale servo-thread
addf spindle_feedback_scale servo-thread
addf spindle_dir_mux servo-thread
addf spindle_run_mux servo-thread
addf spindle_at_speed_near servo-thread
# 5. Startujemy watki czasu rzeczywistego
start
# =====================================================================
# LOGIKA STEROWANIA (Symulacja sygnalow wejsciowych z LinuxCNC)
# =====================================================================
# Wartosci sterujace: 2.0 = Forward, 4.0 = Reverse, 8.0 = Stop
setp spindle_dir_mux.in0 2.0
setp spindle_dir_mux.in1 4.0
setp spindle_run_mux.in0 8.0
# Tworzymy sygnaly i podlaczamy je do wejsc logicznych (bez udzialu 'motion')
net test-spindle-rev spindle_dir_mux.sel
net test-spindle-dir spindle_dir_mux.out => spindle_run_mux.in1
net test-spindle-on spindle_run_mux.sel
net test-spindle-cmd spindle_run_mux.out => vfd.control.00.float
# Skalowanie zadanej predkosci: 24000 RPM -> 400.0 Hz (wartosc 4000 w Modbus)
# Gain = 4000 / 24000 = 0.16666667
setp spindle_speed_scale.gain 0.16666667
setp spindle_speed_scale.offset 0.0
net test-speed-rpm spindle_speed_scale.in
net test-speed-scaled spindle_speed_scale.out => vfd.speed.00.float
# Skalowanie sprzezenia zwrotnego: RPM z VFD -> RPS dla LinuxCNC
setp spindle_feedback_scale.gain 0.01666667
setp spindle_feedback_scale.offset 0.0
net test-rpm-feedback vfd.metrics.rpm.float => spindle_feedback_scale.in
net test-rps-feedback spindle_feedback_scale.out
# Detekcja "At Speed"
setp spindle_at_speed_near.difference 300.0
net test-speed-rpm => spindle_at_speed_near.in1
net test-rpm-feedback => spindle_at_speed_near.in2
net test-at-speed spindle_at_speed_near.out